Crisis averted - now invest in Asia's future

by **Cals** Sat 28 Sep 2013, 18:28

Published: Saturday September 28, 2013 MYT 12:00:00 AM
Updated: Saturday September 28, 2013 MYT 11:24:22 AM
Crisis averted - now invest in Asia's future
COMMENT BY IWAN J. AZIS

THE latest announcement from the Federal Reserve delaying the start of a slowdown in asset purchases gives Asian markets a bit of a reprieve but does not change the basic picture that the United States is embarking on a gradual normalisation of its monetary policy.
The big question is whether that normalisation will keep driving investors out of Asia’s markets, further sapping the wind from the region’s economic sails and all but wrecking the most vulnerable economies, as happened in 1997 during the Asian financial crisis.
The quick answer is, no. A repeat of the 1997 crisis, when investors fled in droves and economies tanked, is not on the cards; foreign exchange reserves are healthy in most countries, currencies are far more flexible, foreign debt is lower, most economies maintain current account surpluses and most countries have some room for monetary and fiscal adjustment should it be needed. The growing use of local currency bonds instead of foreign debt means borrowers are not as affected by a fall in their local currency, and longer tenors in foreign borrowing also means constant refinancing is not needed.
However, there are certainly risks ahead and markets and economies need to work now to brace themselves for a period of higher borrowing costs, some market volatility and slower economic expansion. Even before the latest market turmoil, growth was already slowing, particularly in China, the world’s second largest economy.
As quantitative easing begins to subside, it will be harder and more expensive for firms and governments to raise funds, especially in foreign currencies. And that will pinch a region desperate to boost investment, particularly in the infrastructure needed to keep economies expanding.
Asia has a huge cache of foreign reserves but they have been invested more in foreign markets like the US than in emerging Asia. The key is how to mobilize these funds for the longer-term investments that power economic growth. Aside from keeping any potential crisis at bay, it would feed private business in driving growth. Government stimulus spending kept the region’s economies chugging along after the 2008/09 global economic crisis; now, the baton must be passed to the private sector.
But mobilising capital for private investment to drive growth is tricky. Since the 1997 crisis, local currency bonds have emerged as an alternative to bank financing or foreign borrowing. Although bond markets have grown dramatically – from around US$800mil to US$6.5mil in the last 12 years – they have a long way to go before reaching the levels required to fuel economic growth and, more importantly, infrastructure spending. Regulatory issues and market structures have made it unduly difficult for regional investors to invest in regional markets. This must change if mobilising Asian savings for Asian investment is to become reality.
Take infrastructure. With the prominent exception of China, the region missed an opportunity to ramp up infrastructure spending during the post-global economic crisis period of ample – quantitatively eased – liquidity. Now, as financing conditions become less favourable, tougher times are ahead. This is where bond financing, for example, can serve to bridge the financing gap by attracting a new class of investors. Institutional investors like pension funds can build stable cash flows from infrastructure projects by holding long-term bonds.
But to create vibrant bond markets that offer long-term financing for long gestation infrastructure, much more needs to be done. For the bank-financed portion of projects, securitisation can help manage risk and lengthen repayment deadlines. Governments and multilateral lenders can provide guarantees to boost potential bond issuance to investment grade.
To ease worries among lenders about whether projects are viable or not, governments can make it mandatory for infrastructure projects to provide information on the key financial and performance variables. Investors need to trust issuers, the market, and the project itself. But governments can do most to mobilise finance by continuing to improve the investment climate – most visibly by building a predictable and transparent legal and regulatory environment.
Emerging Asia is most certainly not on the brink of financial crisis. But recent market turmoil should stand as a warning to Asia’s policymakers that the region is facing a new, more unpredictable future where greater efforts are needed to get the financial and physical infrastructure needed to keep the region’s economies forging ahead.

Iwan J. Azis is head of the Office of Regional Economic Integration, Asian Development Bank.